PCOS accounts for 10% of female infertility cases and affects about 5% of young women in France. Its exact cause remains unclear, though it may have a genetic component in some families.  

Despite its name, PCOS does not involve actual ovarian cysts. Instead, it is characterized by an excess of growing follicles in the ovaries.  

Key Features of PCOS:  

- Irregular or absent menstrual cycles  

- High antral follicle count (many small follicles in the ovaries)  

- Signs of excess androgens (male hormones), such as:  

  - Acne  

  - Excessive hair growth (hirsutism)  

Women with PCOS may have:  

- Infrequent ovulation due to long cycles.  

- No ovulation at all in cases of complete menstrual absence (amenorrhea).  

Is There a Cure?  

There is no definitive cure for PCOS, as its exact cause is unknown. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms, especially restoring a menstrual cycle in women who do not ovulate. This can improve their chances of conceiving naturally.  

Interestingly, ovarian aging can sometimes lead to more regular cycles in women with PCOS as they get older.  

How Does PCOS Manifest in Young Women?  

- The first period (menarche) may be on time or slightly delayed.  

- Soon after, menstrual irregularity becomes evident, with cycles exceeding 45 days or more.  

  - This could indicate infrequent ovulation (spaniomenorrhea) or a complete lack of ovulation (amenorrhea).  

Many young women with PCOS:  

- Start menstruating normally.  

- Later notice irregular cycles and seek medical advice.  

- Are often prescribed birth control pills to regulate their cycles artificially.  

- When they stop taking the pill (for any reason), they realize their cycles remain irregular or have disappeared completely.  

This delayed recognition often leads to a late diagnosis of PCOS, typically when trying to conceive.