The uterus is typically assessed during a pelvic ultrasound, performed between days 2 and 5 of the menstrual cycle. This examination is done alongside antral follicle count to evaluate ovarian reserve.  

What Can an Ultrasound Detect?  

A pelvic ultrasound helps:  

- Measure uterine size and assess its structure (cervix and uterine body).  

- Identify fibroids (benign growths in the uterine muscle).  

- Detect uterine malformations.  

However, during menstruation, the uterine lining (endometrium) is too thin to properly assess the uterine cavity.  

Advanced Uterine Assessments  

To get a clearer view of the uterine cavity, additional tests may be performed:  

1. Hysterosonography  

   - A saline solution is injected into the uterus during an ultrasound.  

   - This pain-free technique distends the uterine cavity, creating contrast for better visualization.  

   - It helps detect polyps or fibroids that may prevent embryo implantation or affect pregnancy development.  

   - Done between days 6 and 10 of the cycle, after menstrual bleeding stops.  

2. Hysteroscopy  

   - A small camera is inserted into the uterus for direct visualization of lesions or abnormalities inside the cavity.  

   - Performed after menstruation ends, usually in a doctor’s office.  

   - No anesthesia is needed.  

These additional tests provide a more precise evaluation of the uterine environment, which is essential for implantation and pregnancy success.