Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) can impact female reproductive health, sometimes without noticeable symptoms. Infections can affect the uterus (endometritis) and fallopian tubes (salpingitis), potentially leading to tubal abscesses or even peritonitis in severe cases.  

STIs are common, affecting 10 to 15% of women of reproductive age, with the highest prevalence between 20 and 0 years old. Many infections remain silent, meaning they go unnoticed until long-term complications, such as infertility, develop. In some cases, symptoms may include abdominal pain, abnormal vaginal discharge, irregular bleeding, urinary discomfort, fever, or no symptoms at all.  

How Do STIs Cause Infertility?  

Untreated infections, particularly chlamydia and gonorrhea, can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), which causes scarring and blockages in the fallopian tubes. This damage can prevent sperm from reaching the egg or increase the risk of an ectopic pregnancy, where the embryo implants outside the uterus.  

Can Treatment Reverse the Damage?  

STI treatment typically involves antibiotics, which can clear the infection but cannot always undo the long-term effects on fertility. In cases where tubal abscesses develop, surgical intervention may be necessary. However, once scarring or blockages occur, they cannot always be reversed, which is why early detection and treatment are crucial.